What is polymorphism and its application in pharmacy?

Polymorphism is the ability of solid materials to exist in two or more crystalline forms with different arrangements or conformations of the constituents in the crystal lattice.

What is polymorphs in pharmaceuticals?

Polymorphism which is common in active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), is the ability of a substance crystallization into more than two crystalline forms.

How polymorphism affect drug solubility?

Due to the differences in crystal structure, different polymorphs of a given solid drug show different physicochemical characteristics, which may lead to different drug bioavailability and half-life of the drug.

What is polymorphism in Preformulation?

The term polymorphism was coined by AGUIAR ETAL in 1967. THUS IT IS DEFINED AS THE ABILITY OF SUBSTANCE TO EXIST AS TWO OR MORE CRYSTALLINE PHASES THAT HAVE DIFFERENT ARRRANGEMENTS OR CONFIRMATIONS OF THE MOLECULES IN THE CRYSTAL LATTICE.

What are the applications of polymorphism?

Polymorphism is a form of isomerism. Any crystalline material can exhibit the phenomenon of polymorphism. Allotropy defines polymorphism for chemical elements. Polymorphism is of practical relevance to agrochemicals, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, foods, pigments, and explosives.

What techniques examine polymorphism?

The analytical techniques covered include optical/hot stage microscopy, thermal methods (e.g., DSC, TGA, DTA), X-ray crystallography (powder [XRPD], single crystal), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, solid sate nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SSNMR), scanning electron microscopy, atomic force …

Why are polymorphs important?

Furthermore, polymorphism in drugs can affect such physicochemical properties as dissolution rate, solubility, bioavailability and manufacturability (Brittain, 2007). The detection of polymorphs in the drug discovery and manufacturing process is thus very important for quality control and assurance.

What is polymorphism in drugs?

Polymorphism is the ability of solid materials to exist in two or more crystalline forms with different arrangements or conformations of the constituents in the crystal lattice. These polymorphic forms of a drug differ in the physicochemical properties like dissolution and solubility, chemical and physical stability, flowability and hygroscopicity.

Which polymorphs should be employed in the marketed formulation?

The most stable polymorph should be employed in the marketed formulation to prevent polymorphic alterations during manufacturing, delivery, or storage. In general, the selected polymorph should be thermodynamically stable during the drug development process and remain stable during the manufacturing process too [17].

What is the reference book for polymorphism in pharmaceutical technology?

1. Brittain HG. Polymorphism: Pharmaceutical Technology. Marcel Dekker Publication, New York 2002, p 2239-2249. 2. Aguiar AJ, Krc J, Kinkel A W, Samyn JC.

Do polymorphic forms of bulk powder affect the properties of carbamazepine?

The effects of polymorphic forms of bulk powder on the pharmaceutical properties of carbamazepine (CBZ) granules were investigated by using X-ray diffraction analysis, thermal analysis and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area measurement.