What was the prazo system all about?

The prazo system was a system of slavery that saw men and women being forcibly attached to the farms. Men were forcibly conscripted into the armies of the prazeros. These armies were known as the chikunda forces.

What were the effects of the Portuguese activities on the mutapa state?

The harm brought about by the Portuguese They interfered in the political affairs of the state by supporting succession disputes, attempting to influence who became chief and encouraged civil war. This eventually led to the collapse of the Mutapa State. They diluted African culture.

What were the Prazos that developed in the Zambezi Valley in the seventeenth century?

Prazos operated like semi-feudal entities and were most commonly found in the Zambezi River valley. The prazo was a land grant or lease given in exchange for a fixed annual fee based on laws promulgated by the medieval kings of Portugal, Afonso V and Manuel I, and established in Portuguese Africa in the 17th century.

Which Mwenemutapa stopped trading with the Portuguese?

In 1695, Changamire Dombo overran the gold-producing kingdom of Manyika and took his army east and destroyed the Portuguese fair-town of Masikwesi. This allowed him complete control of all gold-producing territory from Butwa to Manyika, supplanting Mutapa as the premier Shona kingdom in the region.

Who was the Mwenemutapa when the Portuguese came to Central Africa?

Mavura, also called Manuza, (flourished 17th century), African emperor who was installed as the ruler of the great Mwene Matapa empire by the Portuguese.

How did the Portuguese gain control of the Mutapa?

The Portuguese used a variety of methods to try and exert control on the Mutapa State and these included: Taking control of the trade in the Mutapa State for themselves. Controlling the mining activities in the state using forced labour. Encouraged and intervened in civil wars.

What were the aims of the Portuguese in the Mutapa state?

The primary aim was to improve the mining and trade in gold. Antonio Fernandes was the emissary who was sent to Mutapa state by the Portuguese in 1513. He was versed in the coastal and interior languages and customs.

Who was in control of the Zambezi Valley?

By the end of the 18th century, the valleys of the Zambezi and lower Shire River were controlled by four families that claimed to be Portuguese but which were virtually independent, and from 1853 the Portuguese government embarked on a series of military campaigns to bring these under its effective control.

What happened to Mapungubwe?

The Decline of Mapungubwe Mapungubwe was short-lived as a capital, thriving only from 1290 to 1300. Its decline was linked to radical climatic changes that saw the area become colder and drier. At the time of Mapungubwe’s decline, Great Zimbabwe began to grow in importance.

Who built Zvongombe ruins?

The state emerged around 1500 under Nyatsimba Mutota, the first mwene (king) who gained control of the surrounding gold producing region and much of the Zambezi River Valley. Mutota established a new capital at Zvongombe, near the Zambezi River.

Who is the first Mwene Mutapa?

Oral traditions ascribe the dynasty’s foundation to Mbire, a semimythical ruler of the 14th century. His great-great-grandson Nyatsimba, who ruled in the late 15th century, was the actual creator of the empire and the first to bear the title Mwene Matapa.

Who built Zvongombe?

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What is a Portuguese prazo?

Prazos operated like semi-feudal entities and were most commonly found in the Zambezi River valley. The prazo was a land grant or lease given in exchange for a fixed annual fee based on laws promulgated by the medieval kings of Portugal, Afonso V and Manuel I, and established in Portuguese Africa in the 17th century.

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What was the purpose of the Portuguese vacant prazos?

In 1677 a system was adopted to attract white Portuguese settlers. Vacant prazos were to be granted to “deserving orphan girls or the daughters of crown servants”, who would pass the prazo on to her eldest daughter for three generations who were married to Portuguese men.

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